英语学习干货 学生该学习的语法总结,你了解了吗


冠词是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能独立使用。在汉语中没有这个词类。在学习冠词时,要注意这种加在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的词表示数量“一”时,与数词的区别;其表示“数量”的意义没有“one”强,这是学习中注意区别的。

(二)、冠词的定义

冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种:

一种是定冠词(the Definite Article);the

一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article). a an

(三)、不定冠词的用法

a用于辅音音素起首的单词前,an用于元音音素起首的单词前。

1、当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用,如:

What is this? It is a bus.

Who is she? She is a doctor.

2、表示泛指一类人或物

A snake is a cold-blood animal.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

3、表示某一类人或事物的任何一个。如:

She is a teacher; That is an apple.

There is an elephant in the zoo.

4、可用于某些词组,是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。如:

a long time a little a few

at a time have a try take a chance

5、表示“每一个”的意思。如:

three times a day four yuan a dozen

6、可用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。如:

I am quite at a loss;

The little child is a joy to his parents.

7、用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。如:

He drew out a tin of pineapple.

They made a fire to get warm.

注意:

1、不定冠词an用在以元音(不是字母,而是发音)起首的名词或其他以元音起首的词之前,不定冠词a用在以辅音起首的名词或其他以辅音起首的词之前。

2、u和h有时在单词中发元音,有时却读作辅音或不发音。如:

I have been waiting for an hour.

He is an honest young fellow.

A hammer is a useful fool.

3、英语中有些字母,如f h l m n s x。由于它前头第一个音是元音,所以在单独使用或作缩略词的第一个字母时,应使用“an”,如:

There is an “n” in the word “no”.

An MP means a member of parliament.

(四)、定冠词的用法

定冠词the 有this, that, these, those等意思,用于单数或复数名词前。主要用来特指,使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。

1、指前文已经提到过的人或事物。如:

I wrote an article. The article was about physics.

2、指说话人都知道的人或事物。如:

Please close the door before you leave.

Let’s go to the classroom.

3、名词有定语修饰时,须用定冠词the,表示特指意义。如:

The book on the desk is his.

The teacher who talked with you is her mother.

4、用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

the sun the moon the earth the sky the world

5、用在序数词前面表示顺序。如:

I live on the fourth floor.

My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.

6、与其他词连用,构成固定词组。如:

on the left in the north in the front of

7、在表示乐器名称的名词之前用定冠词。如:

the piano the violin

8、用在形容词或副词的最高级前面。如:

This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had.

He is the tallest of us.

9、用在形容词前面,表示复数意义的某一类人或事物。如:

the rich the poor the young the living

the new the right the true the beautiful

10、在表示江河、山脉、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专用名词之前加定冠词。如:

the Changjiang River the Nile

the Alps the Himalayas

11、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。如:

the Qin Dynasty the Ming Dynasty

in the 50’s the spring period

12、和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用,表示某姓氏一家人或夫妇二人。如:

the Lis the Martins

(五)、不用冠词的情况

1、除一些特殊情况外,专用名词以及抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词。如:

Man is mortal.

Miss Smith came in power at last.

2、当名词前已有this, that, my, his, any, every, some, no, those, these等词修饰时或有所有格修饰时,不必加冠词。如:

She is my sister.

This article you had written is very wonderful.

3、在交通工具、学科名称等名词前不加冠词。如:

by plane by boat Chinese Physics

4、在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不加冠词。如:

National Day May Day

Autumn January

5、在一日三餐、体育类等名词前不加冠词。如:

He prefers milk and egg for breakfast.

He preferred to play football and I’d rather play tennis.

6、在唯一的职务、头衔的名词前不加冠词。如:

He is elected manager of our company.

People elected him president of that country last year.

7、在报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前不加冠词。如:

Worker’s Mind

Notes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng

8、在一些固定词组中不加冠词。如:

at home by mistake learn by heart

at first at last at once

by sea day and night
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